Solar energy is rapidly becoming a dominant player in the global energy landscape, and advances in solar panel technologies have played a pivotal role in this transition. One of the most innovative developments in the field is the TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) technology, which has enabled the creation of highly efficient solar panels. In this blog, we will explore the composition of TOPCon modules and the advantages of this technology over traditional PERC (Passivated Emitter Rear Contact) panels. We will also introduce SpolarPV's cutting-edge TOPCon modules, which offer impressive performance and reliability.

 

Composition of TOPCon Modules

 

TOPCon modules are designed with precision to optimize the conversion of solar energy into electricity. The key components of a TOPCon module are as follows:

 

1.  Top Glass : The top layer of glass serves as a protective shield, safeguarding the solar panel against external environmental factors, including UV radiation, dust, rain, and mechanical wear.

 

2.  TOPCon Layer : The crucial component in TOPCon technology, this tunnel oxide passivated contact layer is applied to the front side of the solar panel, reducing electron recombination and improving overall performance.

 

3.  Front-side Electrode : This layer collects the electrons generated by the sunlight absorbed by the solar cells. In TOPCon panels, it's designed to work seamlessly with the TOPCon layer.

 

4.  Solar Cells : The heart of the panel, solar cells are typically made of silicon and are responsible for converting sunlight into electricity.

 

5.  Rear Glass : The backside of the module is protected by another layer of glass, providing mechanical support and additional durability.

 

6.  Wires and Connectors : These components facilitate the transfer of electricity generated by the solar cells to the output, allowing the captured solar energy to be utilized effectively.

 

 Advantages of TOPCon Technology 

 

TOPCon technology offers several advantages over the traditional PERC technology:

 

1.  Higher Efficiency : TOPCon panels achieve higher conversion efficiencies due to the reduction in electron recombination, resulting in greater energy output for the same amount of sunlight.

 

2.  Improved Durability : The use of dual-glass in TOPCon modules enhances their mechanical strength, making them more resistant to wear and tear, ensuring long-term performance.

 

3.  Bifacial Generation : TOPCon modules often support bifacial generation, which allows them to capture sunlight from both sides, increasing energy production.

 

 SpolarPV's TOPCon Modules 

 

At SpolarPV, we take pride in offering state-of-the-art TOPCon modules. Our 700W TOPCon modules are designed to deliver impressive power outputs, ranging from 685W to 700W, thanks to their utilization of 210mm solar cells. These modules boast an exceptional conversion efficiency of 22.57%, ensuring that more solar energy is converted into electricity. With their dual-glass construction, they are exceptionally robust, guaranteeing longevity and reliable performance.

 

In conclusion, TOPCon technology represents a significant leap forward in solar panel efficiency and durability. SpolarPV's TOPCon modules are a testament to our commitment to providing cutting-edge solar solutions, offering not only exceptional performance but also a longer lifespan. Harness the power of the sun with SpolarPV's advanced TOPCon modules, and make the most of renewable energy for a brighter future.

There are many factors that affect the power generation and efficiency of a solar station with the same capacity. Today SAIL SOLAR will lead you to have a studying.

 

1. Solar Radiation

When the conversion efficiency of solar panel is constant, the power generation of the solar system is determined by the intensity of solar radiation. Normally, the utilization efficiency of solar radiation by solar systems is only about 10%. Therefore, solar radiation intensity, spectral characteristics, and climate conditions must be taken into consideration. If the current year's power generation exceeds or falls short of the standard, it is likely that the overall solar radiation for that year deviates from the average.

 

 2. Tilt angle of solar panel

The azimuth angle of solar panel is generally selected in the south direction to maximize the power generation per unit capacity of solar station.

As long as it is within ±20° of due south, it will not have much impact on the power generation. If conditions permit, it should be as far as 20° to the southwest.

The above angle recommendations are based on installation in the Northern Hemisphere, and vice versa for the Southern Hemisphere.

Tilt angles vary from place to place, and local installers are more familiar with the optimal tilt angle for components. If it is a pitched roof, in order to save brackets, many of them will be laid flat on the roof, regardless of the tilt angle, for the sake of beauty.

 

3. Solar panel efficiency and quality

There are many solar panel types to choose from on the market, such as polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon solar panel, etc. Different solar panels have different power generation efficiency, attenuation and quality.

 

The most important thing is must purchase them from regular channels at a reasonable market price. Only in this way can you ensure stable and reliable power generation for 25 years.

 

4. Solar panel matching loss

Any series connection will cause current loss due to the current difference of solar panels, and any parallel connection will cause voltage loss due to the voltage difference of solar panels. Losses may reach more than 8%.

 

In order to reduce the matching loss and increase the power generation capacity of the solar  station, we should pay attention to the following aspects:

1)To reduce matching losses, try to use solar panels with consistent current in series;

2)The attenuation of solar panels should be kept as consistent as possible;

3)Isolation diode.

 

5. Temperature (ventilation)

Data shows that when the temperature rises by 1°C, the output power of crystalline silicon solar panel decreases by 0.04%. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the impact of temperature on power generation and maintain good ventilation conditions for the solar panels. 

 

6. Effect of dust

The crystalline silicon solar panel is made of tempered glass. If it is exposed to the air for a long time, organic matter and a large amount of dust will naturally accumulate. Dust falling on the surface blocks the light, which will reduce the output efficiency of the solar panels and directly affect the power generation. At the same time, it may also cause a "hot spot" effect on the solar panels, causing damage to the components. solar panel station must be cleaned in time.

 

7.Shadows, snow cover

During the site selection process of the solar solution, attention must be paid to the light shielding. Avoid areas where light may be blocked. According to the circuit principle, when solar panels are connected in series, the current is determined by the smallest solar panels Therefore, if there is a shadow on one solar panels, it will affect the power generation of this solar panels. Therefore, when installing a solar power station, you must not be greedy for large capacity. You must consider the area of the roof and whether there is any obstruction around the roof.

 

8. Maximum output power tracking (MPPT)

MPPT efficiency is a key factor in determining the power generation of solar inverters, and its importance far exceeds the efficiency of the solar inverter itself. MPPT efficiency is equal to hardware efficiency times software efficiency. Hardware efficiency is mainly determined by the accuracy of the current sensor and the accuracy of the sampling circuit; software efficiency is determined by the sampling frequency.

 

There are many ways to implement MPPT, but no matter which method is used, the solar panel power changes must first be measured and then react to the changes. The key component here is the current sensor. Its accuracy and linear error will directly determine the hard efficiency, and the sampling frequency of the software is also determined by the accuracy of the hardware.

 

9. Reduce line losses

In solar systems, cables account for a small part, but the impact of cables on power generation cannot be ignored. It is recommended that the line loss of the system's DC and AC loops be controlled within 5%. The cables in the system must be well prepared, including the insulation performance of the cable, the heat-resistant and flame-retardant performance of the cable, the moisture-proof and light-proof performance of the cable, the type of cable core, and the size and specification of the cable.

 

Therefore, in daily operation and maintenance, we need to check whether the lines are damaged and whether there is leakage or other conditions. Especially after every typhoon or hailstorm, it is essential to check whether the lines and connectors are loose.

 

10. Inverter efficiency

The solar inverter is the main component and important component of the solar system. In order to ensure the normal operation of the power station, the correct configuration and selection of the inverter is particularly important.

 

In addition to the various technical indicators of the entire solar power generation system and the product sample manual provided by the manufacturer, the configuration of the inverter generally needs to consider the following technical indicators: 1. Rated output power 2. Output voltage adjustment performance 3,Overall machine efficiency 4.Start-up performance.

 

There are not many daily environments that affect the efficiency of the inverter. Pay attention to installing the inverter in a cool place and keep the surroundings ventilated to facilitate the heat dissipation of the inverter. Especially in summer and autumn, normal heat dissipation can maintain the power generation efficiency of the inverter.

1. What is photovoltaic power generation?

 

Photovoltaic power generation refers to a power generation method that uses solar radiation to directly convert into electrical energy. Photovoltaic power generation is the mainstream of solar power generation today. Therefore, what people often call solar power generation now is photovoltaic power generation.

 

 

2. Do you know the historical origin of photovoltaic power generation?

 

In 1839, 19-year-old Becquerel of France discovered the "photovoltaic effect" while doing physical experiments when he discovered that the current would increase when two metal electrodes in a conductive liquid were irradiated with light.

 

In 1930, Lange first proposed using the "photovoltaic effect" to manufacture solar cells to turn solar energy into electrical energy.

 

In 1932 Odubot and Stola made the first "cadmium sulfide" solar cell.

 

In 1941 Audu discovered the photovoltaic effect on silicon.

 

In May 1954, Chapin, Fuller and Pierson of Bell Labs in the United States launched a monocrystalline silicon solar cell with an efficiency of 6%. This was the first solar cell with practical value in the world. In the same year, Wick first discovered the photovoltaic effect of nickel arsenide, and deposited a nickel sulfide film on glass to create a solar cell. Practical photovoltaic power generation technology that converts sunlight into electrical energy was born and developed.

 

 

3. How do photovoltaic solar cell generate electricity?

 

Photovoltaic solar cell is a semiconductor device with light and electricity conversion characteristics. It directly converts solar radiation energy into direct current. It is the most basic unit of photovoltaic power generation. The unique electrical characteristics of photovoltaic cells are achieved by incorporating certain elements into crystalline silicon. Elements (such as phosphorus or boron, etc.), thereby causing a permanent imbalance in the molecular charge of the material, forming a semiconductor material with special electrical properties. Free charges can be generated in semiconductors with special electrical properties under sunlight. These free charges Directional movement and accumulation, thus generating electrical energy when its two ends are closed, this phenomenon is called the "photovoltaic effect"

 

 

 

4. What components does a photovoltaic power generation system consist of?

 

The photovoltaic power generation system consists of a solar panel array, a controller, a battery pack, a DC/AC inverter, etc. The core component of the photovoltaic power generation system is solar panel, It is composed of photovoltaic solar cells connected in series, parallel and packaged. It converts the sun's light energy directly into electrical energy. The electricity generated by solar panel is direct current. We can use it or use an inverter to convert it into alternating current for use. From one perspective, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic solar system can be used immediately, or the electric energy can be stored using energy storage devices such as batteries and released for use at any time as needed.