Turkey is experiencing significant growth in the solar energy sector, with a particular focus on solar photovoltaic (PV) installations. The development of robust solar mounting systems is crucial for optimizing energy production and ensuring the long-term reliability of solar PV installations. This article provides a concise overview of the industry dynamics and trends surrounding solar mounting systems in Turkey.

 

The increasing adoption of solar energy in Turkey has stimulated the demand for high-quality solar mounting systems. These systems serve as the foundation for solar PV panels and play a crucial role in maximizing energy generation by providing sturdy support and optimal panel alignment.

 

The Turkish solar mounting system industry is witnessing ongoing technological advancements. Manufacturers are developing innovative designs that offer improved ease of installation, increased adjustability, and enhanced durability. Advanced features, such as tilt angle adjustability and tracking capabilities, enable solar panels to capture sunlight more effectively, leading to higher energy yields.

 

To ensure the safety and reliability of solar installations in Turkey, regulatory bodies have implemented certification standards for solar mounting systems. Compliance with these standards is essential for manufacturers and installers, ensuring that systems meet quality and performance requirements. Adherence to these standards provides confidence to investors and promotes a sustainable solar energy sector.

 

The growing demand for solar mounting systems has spurred competition among domestic and international manufacturers. The Turkish market has witnessed the emergence of local manufacturers, contributing to job creation and the development of a domestic supply chain. Local production not only supports the economy but also offers the advantage of shorter lead times and easier access to technical support and after-sales services.

 

The integration of solar mounting systems into building and infrastructure projects is gaining traction in Turkey. Developers and architects are incorporating solar PV systems into commercial buildings, housing complexes, and industrial facilities. This integration requires specialized solar mounting systems that can seamlessly blend with the existing structures while ensuring optimal energy production.

 

Turkey's solar mounting system industry is experiencing dynamic growth driven by the increasing adoption of solar energy. Technological advancements, adherence to regulatory standards, market competition, local manufacturing, and integration with building projects are shaping the industry. These developments are key to unlocking the full potential of solar energy and supporting Turkey's transition towards a sustainable and renewable future.

As a leading manufacturer and supplier in the solar industry, SR SOLAR specializes in providing high-quality solar mounting solutions with decades of experience in solar market. Today, I wanted to highlight our exceptional solar ground mount systems.

Now, please allow me to share some key advantages of choosing our ground mount systems for your solar energy projects:
 

 

In today's rapidly evolving battery market, Kaiying Power has consistently adhered to the decision to use high-quality smelted lead as a production material. This decision is not incidental but based on a profound understanding of battery performance and longevity, as well as respect for user demands. Here are several key reasons why Kaiying Power insists on using high-quality smelted lead:

 

1. Stable and Reliable Performance

Kaiying Power recognizes that high-quality smelted lead can provide more stable and reliable battery performance. This is because the high purity of lead can reduce the impact of other metals or impurities on battery performance, ensuring consistent and reliable performance during charging and discharging. This aligns with user expectations for long-term stable product usage.

 

2. Extended Battery Lifespan

The uniform metal grain structure of smelted lead can slow down the corrosion and degradation of plates, thereby extending the battery's lifespan. For users, this means a longer battery cycle life and more durable performance, reducing the frequency of battery replacement and maintenance costs.

 

3. Enhanced Starting Performance and Energy Output

High-purity smelted lead can provide better conductivity and energy output, improving the battery's starting performance. Especially in low-temperature conditions, users can rely more on the battery to quickly start vehicles or equipment, enhancing the product's reliability in extreme environments.

 

4. Maintained Stable Capacity

Batteries manufactured using high-quality smelted lead can promote internal chemical reactions and reduce unnecessary losses, improving the battery's capacity retention. This means the battery can maintain a stable output capacity during long-term usage, meeting users' demands for sustained performance.

 

While recycled lead may reduce costs to some extent, Kaiying Power insists on using high-quality smelted lead as a production material out of a high regard for product quality and user experience. By providing stable and reliable battery performance, extending battery lifespan, enhancing starting performance and energy output, and maintaining stable capacity, Kaiying Power is committed to offering users high-quality, high-performance SLA battery products, creating greater value and trust for customers.

 

Motorcycles, as convenient and efficient means of transportation, rely heavily on the reliability and stability of their power systems. Different types of batteries have varying effects on motorcycle performance and user experience. In today's market, Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries remain the mainstream choice in the motorcycle industry. This article will compare open lead-acid batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and sodium-ion batteries, emphasizing the dominant position of VRLA batteries in motorcycles.

 

Firstly, open lead-acid batteries and VRLA batteries are two common types of lead-acid batteries. Open lead-acid batteries require regular inspection and electrolyte replenishment, making maintenance cumbersome, while VRLA batteries do not need regular water addition, making them more convenient to use and maintain. Additionally, lithium iron phosphate batteries offer higher safety and cycle life compared to lead-acid batteries, while sodium-ion batteries boast lower costs and more abundant resources.

 

However, despite these advantages, VRLA batteries are still predominantly used in the market. VRLA batteries have a long history of use and technological maturity, accumulating rich application experience in the motorcycle industry. Their stable performance, moderate price, and easy maintenance make VRLA batteries the preferred choice for motorcycle power systems. Particularly in terms of safety, convenience of use, and cost considerations, VRLA batteries continue to hold a dominant position.

 

Overall, although lithium iron phosphate batteries and sodium-ion batteries have advantages in certain aspects, VRLA batteries remain the primary choice for motorcycle batteries in the current market. With the development of technology and the maturity of new battery technologies, there may be more high-performance batteries suitable for motorcycles in the future. However, for now, VRLA batteries remain one of the most trusted solutions for motorcycle power systems among consumers.

 

The upper limit of the charging voltage of a single lithium iron phosphate battery is 3.65V. Generally, the upper limit voltage of lithium iron phosphate battery charging is 3.7~4V, and the lower limit voltage of discharging is 2~2.5V. The voltage of lithium battery is one of the important indicators to measure the discharge performance of lithium battery. The unit is volts.

LiFePO4 battery voltage
Common 18650 batteries are divided into lithium-ion batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. The voltage of lithium ion battery is 3.7v nominal voltage, the charging cut-off voltage is 4.2v, the nominal voltage of lithium iron phosphate battery is 3.2V, the charging cut-off voltage is 3.6v, the capacity is usually 1200mAh-3000mAh, the common capacity is 2200mAh-2600mAh .

Why is the lithium iron phosphate battery voltage 3.2V?
Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material. The cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries mainly include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium nickel oxide, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc. Among them, lithium cobalt oxide is the cathode material used in the vast majority of lithium-ion batteries.

The nominal voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery is 3.2V, the high end charge voltage is 3.6V, and the low end discharge voltage is 2.0V. Due to the different quality and process of positive and negative electrode materials and electrolyte materials used by various manufacturers, there will be some differences in their performance.

3.2V lithium iron phosphate battery, which can be discharged in large capacity. Now all electric vehicles use this kind of battery. This kind of battery has a long life and light weight! 3.6V and 3.7V are the same as polymer lithium batteries. The upper limit of polymer lithium batteries is 4.2 and the lower limit is 2.6. The general standard is 3.7V.

The charging voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery should be set at 3.65V and the nominal voltage is 3.2V. Generally, the maximum charging voltage can be higher than 20% of the nominal voltage, but if the voltage is too high, the battery may be damaged. The 3.6V voltage is lower than this indicator. Not overcharged. If the battery is set to a minimum of 3.0V, it needs to be charged, then 3.4V is 0.4V higher than the minimum, and 3.6 is 0.6V higher than the minimum. This 0.2V can release half of the power, which means that each charge is half more than 3.4V. Use time, because the battery is used for a certain number of times, the life is increased by half, so increasing the charging voltage will increase the battery life without damaging the battery.

The discharge platform of the lithium iron phosphate battery is: 3.2V
The discharge range is: 2.5-3.65V
This maximum charging value can be changed according to customer needs (protection board parameters)
Generally, the maximum charging voltage is set at 3.85V
When it reaches 3.85V, the protection voltage is reached, and the protection board will automatically cut off the charging circuit to protect the battery.

Li-ion battery voltage

The discharge platform of the lithium-ion battery refers to the voltage change state of the battery when the fully charged lithium battery is discharged. When the battery is discharged with constant current, the battery voltage has to go through three processes, namely, decrease, stabilize, and decrease again. Among these three processes, the stabilization period is the longest. The longer the stabilization time, the higher the discharge plateau of the battery. The level of the discharge platform is closely related to the battery manufacturing process. It is because the market positioning of each lithium battery manufacturer is different, the technical process is different, the discharge platform controlled by it is different, and the quality is also very different.

Generally speaking, a 18650 lithium battery has a full voltage of 4.2V, and when it is discharged to 3.7V with a 1C current for 60 minutes, then we say that the battery has a capacity of 2200mAh. Nominal voltage, also known as rated voltage, refers to the voltage exhibited by the battery during normal operation. The nominal voltage of lithium batteries is generally 3.7V or 3.6V.

Depending on the cathode material of the lithium battery, the nominal voltage will vary. The nominal voltage of lithium cobalt oxide battery is 3.7V; the nominal voltage of lithium manganate battery is 3.8V; the nominal voltage of lithium nickel cobalt manganese ternary material is only 3.5-3.6V, but with the continuous improvement of formula and structure Perfect, the nominal voltage of the lithium battery of this material can reach 3.7V; the nominal voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery is the lowest, only 3.2V, but the lithium battery of this material is very safe, will not explode, and the cycle performance is very good and can reach 2000 week.

Lithium-ion batteries have high working voltage (three times that of nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries), large specific energy (up to 165Wh/kg, three times that of nickel-hydrogen batteries), small size, light weight, long cycle life, and self- Low discharge rate, no memory effect, no pollution and many other advantages. Among lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries are more promising. Although this battery has lower specific energy than lithium cobalt oxide batteries, it has high safety and large single battery capacity.

The above is the voltage of lithium iron phosphate battery and the voltage of lithium ion battery. When choosing a lithium battery charger, you should pay attention to the output voltage of the charger. The charging mode is constant current + constant voltage.

As a popular new energy battery, lithium iron phosphate batteries have become popular in recent years because of their own problems, such as whether lithium iron phosphate batteries can continue to be used, or how to repair or what is the cause of swelling . Next, we will make a comprehensive understanding of the protruding problem of lithium iron phosphate batteries.

LiFePO4 battery swelling

1. Reasons for the expansion of lithium iron phosphate batteries

(1) Manufacturing level

The bulging of lithium ion batteries may be the manufacturing level of lithium iron phosphate battery packs, the electrode coating is uneven, and the production process is relatively rough.

(2) Bumps caused by overcharging of lithium-ion batteries

Overcharging will cause all the lithium atoms in the positive electrode material to run into the negative electrode material, resulting in the deformation and collapse of the full grid of the original positive electrode, which is also an important reason for the decrease in the battery capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery. During this process, more and more lithium ions are deposited on the negative electrode, causing the lithium atoms to grow into stumps and crystallize, causing the battery pack to swell.

(3) If the lithium iron phosphate battery is not used for a long time, swelling will also occur, because the air has a certain conductivity. Therefore, if the battery is left for too long, it is equivalent to direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, resulting in a chronic short circuit.

(4) Excessive expansion

During the first charge-discharge process of a liquid lithium-ion battery, the electrode material reacts with the electrolyte at the solid-liquid interface to form a passivation layer covering the surface of the electrode material. The formed passivation layer can effectively prevent the passage of electrolyte molecules, while Li+ can be freely embedded and exuded from the passivation layer, which has the characteristics of solid electrolyte. Therefore, this passivation layer is called SEI. SEI films are not set in stone. During the charging and discharging process, there will be some changes, the important ones are the reversible changes of organic matter. After the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is overdischarged, the SEI film will be reversibly damaged. When the SEI protecting the anode material is destroyed, the anode material collapses, resulting in a bulge phenomenon.

(5) The violent reaction of the short circuit will generate a lot of heat, which will decompose and evaporate the electrolyte and cause the battery to expand.

(6) Reasons for the low quality of lithium iron phosphate battery chargers. Chargers are made of low-quality circuit boards, innovative or low-quality components. Due to inaccurate heating and parameter drift, the charging voltage limit is out of control, resulting in kneading and deformation of the gas inside the lithium-ion battery, resulting in cracking or even bursting of the battery casing.

(7) Long-term use of lithium iron phosphate batteries will also cause swelling, because the air has a certain conductivity, so if the battery is placed too long, it is equivalent to direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, resulting in a slow short circuit.

2. Repair the swelling of lithium iron phosphate battery

(1) When the battery expands, first seal the battery with plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator to cool for about half an hour.
(2) Remove the battery after cooling down, and then remove the wrapping paper on the surface of the battery.
(3) Then use a needle to pierce a small hole on the surface of the lithium-ion battery package.
(4) Press with your fingers to discharge the gas in the battery.
(5) Seal the air holes with tape.

3. The expansion of lithium iron phosphate batteries will reduce the capacity

During the expansion process, the capacity of the lithium-ion battery pack is reduced, and the battery life is significantly shortened. In severe cases, battery life can be short or unusable. At this time, the battery is usually replaced, for safety or to buy a new battery.

4. Can the lithium iron phosphate battery still be used after it is fully charged?

It is not recommended to use the lithium iron phosphate battery after it is fully charged. During the charging process, the capacity of the lithium-ion battery pack decreases, and the battery life is significantly shortened. In severe cases, battery life can be short or unusable. At this time, the battery is usually replaced, for safety or to buy a new battery.

When the lithium-ion battery pack has bulging problems, it is best not to continue using the battery in question. Due to the expansion of the battery, when the expansion reaches a certain limit, it may cause an explosion, which is very dangerous. For your own safety, it is best to replace the lithium-ion battery pack as soon as you notice swelling.

Usually the solar cells we see are single-sided solar cells, which can well accept direct sunlight and convert light energy into electricity. However, they can't do anything about some reflected sunlight. To take advantage of the reflected sunlight, double-sided solar panels must be used.

Bifacial solar panels can generate more electricity than conventional solar panels, but only if they have room for reflected light to reach the back of the panel. This means that they work best in a specific location, rather than placing them right on the roof. If you're mounting your solar panels on a pergola or ground mounted system, a double-sided panel might make perfect sense.

How do double-sided panels work?

A new thermodynamic formula shows that double-sided solar panels generate an average of 15 to 20 percent more solar energy than today's single-sided solar panels, taking into account different terrains such as grass, sand, concrete and dirt. This formula, developed by two physicists at Purdue University, can calculate in minutes the maximum amount of electrical energy a bifacial solar cell can generate in a variety of environments (as defined by thermodynamic limits).

It is understood that there is also enough light reflection on the back of the panel to generate electricity. To get the most out of double-sided panels, there are several key factors to consider.

First, the more reflective the environment around the panels, the more energy they generate. Light-colored environments will reflect more light and improve performance. "We found that when grass turns brown, it becomes more reflective and snow is very reflective," one researcher said in a report from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Consultancy Wood Mackenzie It also means that desert countries like Australia, which have a lot of reflective sand, can make better use of double-sided panels than their neighbors, the report said.

Second, there needs to be room for the reflected light to reach the back of the panel. This means that the double-sided panels don't make sense on the roof, as they are almost clinging to the roof. They're best used in large commercial installations, where they're suspended from poles with plenty of room for light to bounce off the back.

Double-sided panels outperformed traditional single-sided panels throughout the year. Under ideal conditions, double-sided panels can generate 27% more energy.

Double-sided panels can be used at home

Bifacial solar PV panels don't cost much more than other solar panels, so if you have the right place, they're an attractive option. Even if there is no benefit to installing them on the roof, in some cases homeowners may still opt for double-sided panels.

Bifacial panels may be a good option if the solar panels are installed on the ground rather than on the roof. This is especially true if you live in a snowy area, or if you can mount it on a more reflective surface like sand.

It may also be beneficial if a double-sided panel is used to build a covering on the exterior area. A pergola or awning with open space below will be far enough from the ground to allow reflected light to reach the back of the panel. Creative people may find other better ways to deploy double-sided panels.

Although not helpful in most residential applications, double-sided panels are another tool that can help you absorb more energy from the sun. Using them in the right circumstances can help you reach your energy goals for a fraction of the extra cost.