There are two main types of solar panel. Solar electricity panels capture the sun’s energy and turn it into electricity for your home. They’re commonly known as solar PV panels (photovoltaics). These panels generate roughly 355W of energy in strong sunlight.
On the other hand, solar thermal panels capture the sun’s energy, but convert it into energy that heats up water for your home instead. These panels are made of either flat plate collectors or evacuated tubes (glass tubes).
How are solar panels installed?
An installer that’s accredited with the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) is best placed to complete the installation. MCS is a quality assurance scheme for tradespeople installing low-carbon energy technology. Through MCS, you can be sure that your solar panel installer is working to high standards.
You can opt for:
In-roof
In-roof (or integrated) solar panels are installed by removing some of your roof tiles and fitting the panels in their place. The panels sit flatter against your roof than on-roof ones do. But, they are often more expensive to install.
On-roof
On-roof solar panels are installed by fitting anchors onto the roof. The panels are then mounted onto the anchors. This is the most common type of solar panel installation.
Solar PV panels on rows of homes
Can solar panels be installed on all types of roof?
To generate the most power, solar panels should be installed on true south facing roofs. If your roof faces west or east, it might still be eligible (though solar panel systems installed in these directions tend to generate 15-20% less energy than on roofs facing south). We don’t recommend you install a solar panel system on a north facing roof.
Solar panels can be installed on many types of roof, including concrete tile, clay tile, metal and flat roofs.
Concrete tile roof
If you have an older roof, some of the tiles may break during the installation process and you’ll need to pay to replace them.
Clay tile roof
Some installers won’t fit solar panels on clay roofs because the tiles are often very fragile, but it’s worth speaking to a couple tradespeople to see if they’re willing to do the work.
Metal roof
One benefit of fitting them on a metal roof is that they’ll help to keep your home cool during hot weather.
Flat roof
They can also be fitted on flat roofs. However, it’s important to make sure that the panels are tilted high enough to capture the most sunlight.
Do I have to install solar panels on my roof?
An alternative to on or in roof mounting is to mount your solar panels on the ground in your garden or on a wall. This is a good alternative if you can’t have them fitted on your roof or need a larger surface area to capture more sunlight than your roof can.
Solar panels contain dozens of photovoltaic cells (or solar PV cells) that absorb the sun’s energy. Once the energy is absorbed, it’s converted into direct current (DC) energy. This energy flows through an inverter that changes the DC energy into alternating (AC) energy. The converted energy is delivered to your home’s electrical panels and outlets for use.
There are three main types of solar panels: monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin-film. Each type has different advantages and disadvantages.
Monocrystalline Solar Panels
Monocrystalline solar panels (or mono panels) are the most popular solar panels on the market. These panels offer the highest efficiency, with rates between 17% and 23%, according to the National Renewable Energy Labaratory. Mono panels work well in high temperatures, making them ideal for warm and hot environments. According to the American Solar Energy Society, they also have the longest life span, typically lasting 25 to 40 years. Due to their better quality and higher efficiency, these panels cost more than poly or thin-film solar panels.
Mono panels have a black hue and blend in with most rooftops. These panels are mounted, so they don’t lie as flat as thin-film options. However, you’ll need fewer mono panels than other types because they’re so efficient. This makes them ideal for homes with limited roof space.
Monocrystalline solar cells are made of pure silicon, one of the most abundant elements on Earth. The cells are manufactured using the Czochralski process, which involves adding a seed crystal of silicon into a molten vat of pure silicon at a high temperature. The result is a single crystal of silicon, or ingot, that is thinly sliced into wafers. These silicon wafers make up mono panels. Monocrystalline silicon is also used to manufacture some solar shingles or tiles.
Polycrystalline Solar Panels
Polycrystalline solar panels (or poly panels) are an older solar technology, which makes them more affordable than mono panels. They offer lower efficiency ratings of 14% to 17%. These panels drop in efficiency in hot temperatures, so avoid using them in hot climates. Poly panels last around 25 to 30 years.
Most people recognize polycrystalline panels due to their blue color. This makes them visible on rooftop installations and may clash with your home’s aesthetics. Because poly panels have lower efficiency, you’ll need to install more panels to power your home. This requires a roof with ample space for more solar modules.
Polycrystalline solar cells are made of multi-crystalline silicon. These solar cells are prone to more imperfections than mono cells, reducing efficiency. However, the production process is cheaper and less wasteful than mono panels because it uses melted fragments.
Thin-Film Solar Panels
Thin-film solar panels are an alternative to traditional crystalline panels. These panels are used more for commercial installations than residential projects. They work better in small-scale installations such as a garage or shed that needs independent power. Their efficiency is lower than mono and poly options, ranging from 7% to 12%. In addition, they offer a low life span of 10 to 20 years. Thin-film panels are the cheapest solar panels on the market.
Thin-film panels are made from thin, flexible layers of photovoltaic material and are the least noticeable on roofs. Since their efficiency rating is low, you’ll need more panels to provide adequate power. These panels don’t require additional mounting equipment, resulting in a simpler installation process than conventional panels.
What Is the Best Type of Solar Panel?
Monocrystalline panels offer the best efficiency and power output but are the most expensive. Polycrystalline panels are a mid-tier alternative with lower energy efficiency ratings but more affordable pricing. You’ll need ample roof space for a poly panel installation. Thin-film panels have the lowest price but aren’t powerful enough to sustain a household. These panels work best for smaller home projects and installations.
In the solar energy sector, stainless steel is a widely used material. The material SUS304 is steel is renowned for its strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. Among its variants, SUS304 stands out as a particularly popular choice across various industries, including solar energy. But what sets SUS304 apart, and why is it so favored?
Understanding SUS304
SUS304 is the Japanese designation for 304 stainless steel, an alloy primarily made up of iron, with 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni). This composition ensures excellent corrosion resistance and workability, making it the most widely used stainless steel alloy globally.
Key Benefits of SUS304
Corrosion Resistance: SUS304’s high chromium content creates a protective layer on the surface, shielding the metal underneath from rust and other forms of corrosion. This makes the type of material ideal for solar installation material.
Durability: Known for its longevity even under harsh conditions, SUS304 is a cost-effective choice for projects where long-term durability is essential.
Versatility: Its excellent workability allows SUS304 to be shaped, welded, and finished to meet specific requirements.
SUS304 specific in Solar Energy
SUS304 is mainly used in roof hooks to provide a durable and good basis for solar profiles. The material is crucial for constructing mounting systems and panel frames, offering reliability and durability for outdoor installations exposed to the elements. This ensures long-lasting solar solutions.
Conclusion
SUS304 uniquely blends corrosion resistance, durability, and versatility, making it an excellent choice for diverse applications, including solar energy. Opting for SUS304 components means investing in solar mounting systems that withstand time, contributing to a more sustainable and reliable future.
The gel battery was invented in 1957. Gel batteries are one of two sealed lead acid batteries, the other being an AGM battery. Sealed lead acid batteries are distinct from other lead acid batteries in that they are maintenance-free.
Gel batteries are a maintenance-free alternative to flooded cell deep cycle batteries. They contain a silica-based gel in which battery electrolytes are suspended, allowing electrons to flow freely between plates. The nice thing about spill-proof gel batteries is that they don't leak even if the battery case is broken. These batteries also fight against corrosion and prevent overcharging.
The combination of Gel electrolyte along with highly porous glass micro fiber separator ensure reducing short circuit, higher capacity, longer service life,leak proof operation in any position. Brava advanced GEL Lead acid batteries approved with UL1989, CE, IEC60896, IEC61427, IEC60254, IEC60079 certificates provide maintenance-free and deep cycle performance for UPS, solar/wind, telecommunications, cathodic protection, navigation aids, remote monitoring, RV/marine, golf cart, switchgear, cellular radio etc.
gel battery applications
What's a gel battery?
A gel battery is a dry battery since it doesn't use a liquid electrolyte. In a gel battery, the electrolyte is frozen with silica gel. This keeps the electrolyte inside the battery, preventing it from evaporating or spilling.
This design stabilizes the battery and gives it a low self-discharge. This is a handy feature for batteries that lie idle for long periods.
10 Advantages of a gel battery
Maintenance-free. Because the batteries are comprised of gel instead of liquid, there is little to no maintenance to keep the battery working properly.
6-year lifespan.
Better performance until its end of life then performance drops off sharply.
You can install it sideways since it's spill-proof.Gel batteries have the advantage of being able to be used in virtually any position, because they don’t leak and are generally maintenance free. This greatly increases the number of applications gel batteries can be used for.
Better heat tolerance.
No Leaks: Even though wet cell batteries are sealed in a plastic encasement there is still the chance that it will leak. Gel batteries are also sealed but with a valve that removes excess pressure. This means that between the gel substance and the removal of pressure, there is nowhere for the mixture to go.
Minimal Risk: When damage occurs to a traditional lead-acid battery you are faced with a massive and dangerous clean up (not to mention the impact on anything the battery acid may come into contact with during the process). Gel batteries will not leak out if the casing becomes damaged, so there is a reduced risk of harm coming to the equipment and clean up hazards.
Vibration Resistant: One of the biggest complaints with wet cell batteries is that they are very susceptible to extreme vibration and other impacts. Gel batteries absorb the impact and vibrations, making them great batteries for items such as four wheelers.
No Fumes: Because these batteries are comprised of a gel substance there are minimal fumes created as a result of use. This means that there is a reduced need for ventilation which increases the potential applications gel batteries can be used for, as well as making them easier to charge anywhere.
Resistant To Discharge Death: When using a wet cell battery it’s important that you don’t allow the battery to discharge too much. Otherwise, it will never recharge. Gel cell batteries aren’t that way. They are deep cycle batteries which means that they can discharge more and still be recharged like new.
Disadvantages of a gel battery
You need to store it in a charged condition although this is less critical than as for a flooded lead acid battery.
It requires some ventilation as it releases gas when pressure builds up.
Sensitive to overcharging though this is less so than AGM batteries.
AGM is cheaper and can handle higher loads.
How Does a gel battery Work?
A gel battery (often referred to as a gel cell battery) is a lead-acid battery that is valve regulated. When the electrolyte is mixed with sulphuric acid and silica, it becomes a relatively stationary gel substance.
This gel mixture allows the battery to utilize the acid and electrolyte in the same way it would with a traditional lead-acid battery, just without the added maintenance.
When should you choose a gel battery?
Gel batteries are an alternative to flooded lead acid. They're suited for a battery backup system or an off-grid home. If you don't mind the extra expense, a gel battery is a better option if you're looking into lead acid batteries. This is because you won't have to worry about maintenance.
Are gel batteries better than AGM batteries?
Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) batteries are the other sealed lead acid battery. How do gel batteries compare to AGM batteries?
For starters, gel batteries can be more expensive. They also need specific chargers to prevent overcharging. Not using these chargers reduces the batteries lifespan.
They're also don't work as well with appliances that need a higher current because they have a higher internal resistance.
On the other hand, gel batteries have a longer lifespan. This is because:
They hold more acid because of their design.
They have a better temperature tolerance. They have improved heat transfer to the outside. The gel moves heat, whereas the absorbent glass mat of the AGM acts as an insulator.
They also maintain their performance over a longer period. AGM batteries gradually fade as they get older.
Feature
Gel batteries
AGM batteries
Cost
Expensive compared to AGM batteries
Less expensive compared to gel batteries
Charge
The battery can be ruined even if it is brand new if you make one charging mistake, like overcharging or using a tapering charger
Hold their charge well and charge quickly
Technology
Gel paste suspends the electrolyte in the battery case of a gel battery
Internally, the electrolyte is wicked into a glass matt to prevent leakage
Life expectancy
You can fully discharge gel batteries up to 90% and still get a much longer cycle life than you would with AGM batteries
Discharging your AGM battery more than 50% and up to 70% is okay, but doing so frequently will significantly shorten the battery’s cycle life
Are gel batteries better than flooded batteries?
A flooded lead acid battery is a wet battery since it uses a liquid electrolyte. Unlike a gel battery, a flooded lead acid battery needs maintenance by topping up the water in the battery every 1-3 months.
Gel batteries are the safer lead acid batteries because they release less hydrogen gas from their vent valves. This makes them safer to install where there is limited ventilation. Hydrogen release or gassing is a minor safety concern with flooded lead acid batteries.
Because of how they're made, they can be oriented in any way. They can be stacked pancake-style which may improve cycle life. Flooded lead acid batteries are kept upright to avoid acid spills.
What Is A Deep Cycle Gel Battery?
A deep cycle battery is a type of battery that can use to provide power for extended periods.
It stores more energy than conventional batteries, and it’s able to withstand the repeated charging and discharging cycles necessary in solar installations or other renewable energy systems.
Deep cycle gel batteries are among the most popular types of deep-cycle batteries on the market today because they’re designed with safety in mind while still providing high performance.
What Is The Difference Between A Deep Cycle Battery And A Gel Battery?
It is not uncommon for people to confuse deep cycle batteries and gel batteries. They are very different in many ways, but the most important distinction is that a deep cycle battery can be used regularly while a gel battery cannot.
So this is the big difference that I have shared with you between the deep cycle and gel batteries. Furthermore, the difference is;
Deep cycle batteries are made of lead-acid cells, which produce an electric current when they react with sulfuric acid and water.
A deep cycle battery is typically used in a boat or RV. It can be discharged more without damaging it than many other batteries, but it’s typically heavier and less expensive.
While A gel battery has additives that help prevent the electrolyte from leaking out of the cell when it’s overcharged.
This makes them safer to use in certain situations, like on motorcycles or scooters, often exposed to extreme temperatures.
Gel batteries also cost more than most types of lead-acid batteries, which means you’ll usually only see them in higher-end products.
Knowing this information will help you find the best type of battery for your needs!
How Long Do Deep-Cycle Gel Batteries Last?
When peoples buy an expensive battery, they want the time of lasting the batteries should extend. However, you can use deep cycle batteries for over 6 years or more if you charge properly and care about it.
It is totally up to you how you are keeping this battery to taking care of and whats your charging routine is to charge your battery.
Because, as you know, if you charge the battery over time, the battery may damage.
How Do You Revive A Dead Gel Battery?
Because gel batteries are sealed, unlike fluid-based batteries, the cells cannot access them.
The best technique to repair and recover a gel battery is fully discharged it and then slowly charge it again.
Are Gel Batteries Worth It?
Gel batteries are worthwhile since their performance is maintained throughout their lifespan. Its build custom, according to Battery University, produces a dome-shaped curve in its power output. There is no declining voltage, which is a common problem with other batteries.
Get a Gel Battery For All Your Needs
Gel batteries offer the ability to save energy for the benefit of future generations. As the supply of electricity decreases, batteries become more important to human life as the population grows.
We recommend using a gel battery because:
There will be no need to do routine maintenance.
There will be no spills, providing no considerable and hazardous risk because you will not come into contact with the acid.
Because of the low amount of corrosion, gel batteries can be used with sensitive electronic equipment.
Gel batteries are extremely durable and vibration resistant.
Because there is a reduced possibility of sulfuric acid burns, it is very safe.
The battery will last far longer than a lead-acid battery for the same amount of use because of its high lifespan.
So, what is the deal with all black-solar panels? Most solar panel manufacturing companies now have an all-black model, which is becoming more and more popular with customers. However, many people get confused about the difference between the two, and don’t know which type of panel is better for their home.
MONOCRYSTALLINE VS. POLYCRYSTALLINE
Before discussing all-black panels, we first must differentiate between monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels. In summary, polycrystalline panels are less efficient because some crystal formation occurs when they are being made. These crystals make it harder for electrons to flow through the cells. On the other hand, a lack of crystal formation in monocrystalline panels allows fir easy electron flow, making these panels more efficient. Because they are more efficient, they are also more expensive. Additionally, monocrystalline panels are darker in color, while polycrystalline panels have the traditional blue color.
Here is the visual difference between the two: monocrystalline is on the left and polycrystalline is on the right.
BLACK SHEETS AND FRAMES
There is a difference between a traditional dark-colored monocrystalline panel and these all-black models that we are talking about. Regular monocrystalline panels still have a white sheet and frame, while all-black panels have black sheets and frame. Below you can see the difference. The picture on the left shows traditional monocrystalline panels up close. The photo on the right shows a whole array panels with black sheets.
EFFICIENCY COMPARISON
Although the black sheets and frame gives these black panels a sleeker look, this does slightly decrease efficiency. All-black panels not only heat up more quickly, but also allow for less light trapping. Both factors decrease efficiency. On panels with white sheets, unused light is reflected then trapped to be used by the solar cell. This increases the cell’s current and makes cells with white sheet slightly more efficient. However, overall, all black panels are only 0.5% less efficient, so it is not a huge difference.
THE ROLE OF AESTHETICS
So, as it turns out, the major difference between all black panels and traditional, white-framed ones is simply the aesthetic. Many customers are concerned about how the solar array will look on their house, and for that reason they decide on the all-black panels. So, if you want a sleeker aesthetic from your array, the choice seems to be all-black array, as long as you are okay with sacrificing a little efficiency. However, if you want the most efficient and best deal for your investment, then traditional, white-framed panels are the way to go. All our most popular manufacturers sell both all-black and traditional models!
What is HJT technology? Heterojunction technology (HJT) is a N-type bifacial solar cell technology, by leveraging N-type monocrystalline silicon as a substratum and depositing silicon-based thin films with different characteristics and transparent conductive films on the front and rear surfaces respectively.
Combining with the benefits of crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon thin-fim technologies, HJT technology has excellent photoabsorption and passivation effects, as well as outstanding efficiency and performance. HJT panels are one of the technologies to improve the conversion rate and power output to the highest level, also represent the trend of the new generation of solar cell platform technology.
Why choose solar panels with HJT technology?
1. High conversion efficiency:
The homojunction cell type used in PERC technology uses crystalline silicon for the PN junction. Compared to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells using PERC technology, HJT solar panels are unique. HJT is a junction composed of two unique semiconductor substances.
It functions similarly to conventional solar cells, but the HJT cell is more effective at converting sunlight into electricity thanks to a thin layer of amorphous silicon.Currently, the average PERC efficiency of many PV manufacturers is over 22%, and the average HJT efficiency is over 22.5%.
In addition, HJT solar cells are made to have a module bifaciality of over 93%, which means they can produce electricity from both sides of the module. For instance, the Swiss company Ecosolifer has created a commercial bifacial HJT solar cell with a 24.1% efficiency.
2.Low temperature coefficient:
Compared to conventional crystalline silicon cells, thin-film solar energy produced by HJT solar panels has a lower temperature coefficient. At temperatures below 200 °C, HJT solar panels have an efficiency of over 23%.
Additionally, they have a low temperature coefficient of -0.2%/K, which boosts the efficiency and output of photovoltaic systems while lowering their cost.
This indicates that HJT solar panels can function effectively even in warm environments, enabling them to generate more energy in hotter environments. As a result, large-scale power generation using these high-performance cells is made possible.
3. Fewer production steps:
HJT solar panels are produced with fewer process stages than conventional solar panels made with PERC technology, which facilitates a smoother production process. HJT solar panels require only 8 processes for the production of solar photovoltaic modules as opposed to the roughly 13 processes needed by PERC technology. As a result, it is becoming more financially feasible, which is encouraging for the development of solar energy. This is because the price of the required equipment is continuing to drop.
4. Long service life:
HJT solar panels are renowned for their toughness, which means they last longer and require less upkeep, which lowers costs. The typical lifespan of solar panels is 25 years. However, under normal circumstances, HJT solar panels can last up to 30 years.
This is due to the protective barrier function of the amorphous silicon layer, which slows degradation and prevents the emergence of the PID effect. HJT batteries have a longer life as a result.
What is the HJT technology’s development trend?
The market’s most well-liked and desirable solar cell technology is PERC technology. It is regarded as the least complicated option because upgrading the production line only necessitates the addition of new machinery. The production of HJT solar panels, however, necessitates the acquisition of an entirely different set of production tools.
When it comes to solar cell development, HJT solar panels are far more effective and sophisticated than solar panels using PERC technology. Because of the high power generation efficiency of HJT solar panels, cell manufacturers and suppliers are becoming more and more interested in them. The future market will determine customer preferences, which will be a major factor in the development of HJT solar panels.
The solar industry is undergoing a revolution thanks to HJT (Heterojunction) technology, which increases energy output while also improving efficiency. To get around the drawbacks of conventional solar panels, HJT solar panels combine amorphous and crystalline silicon layers. This makes a variety of solar energy applications possible.
How many kWh of electricity a 25KW solar power system can produce in a day depends on many factors, including light intensity, temperature, season, and shade. The following will introduce in detail the calculation formula of the standard daily power generation of a 25KW solar power system and the impact under different circumstances. In different regions and different seasons, the sunlight duration and the conversion efficiency of solar panels will change, so the daily power generation will also vary.
1. The influence of light intensity on power generation
Light intensity is one of the key factors affecting the power generation of solar power system. Light intensity refers to the light intensity per unit area, usually in watts per square meter (W/m²).
Daily power generation (kWh) = 25kW x light intensity (W/m²) x power generation efficiency x running time (hours)
If the light intensity of a 25KW solar power system is 1000W/m², the operating time is 8 hours, and the power generation efficiency is 15%.
Temperature is also one of the factors that affect the power generation of solar system. When the temperature rises, the power generation efficiency of solar cells will decrease, thereby affecting the power generation of solar system. Generally speaking, when the temperature increases by 1°C, the power generation of solar system will decrease by 0.4-0.5%.
Daily power generation (kWh) = 25kW x light intensity (W/m²) x power generation efficiency x running time (hours) x (1-0.004 x (temperature-25))
If the light intensity of a 25KW solar power system is 1000W/m², the operating time is 8 hours, the power generation efficiency is 15%, and the temperature is 25°C.
It can be seen that temperature has a significant impact on the power generation of solar power system.
3. Seasonal influence on power generation
Seasons also have an impact on the power generation of solar power system. Generally speaking, the higher of light intensity in summer, the power generation will increase accordingly. While the lower light intensity in winter, the power generation will decrease accordingly.
Daily power generation (kWh) = 25kW x light intensity (W/m²) x power generation efficiency x running time (hours) x seasonal coefficient
The seasonal coefficient is generally between 0.8-1.2. For example, when the light intensity is 800W/m², the operating time is 8 hours, and the power generation efficiency is 15%, the seasonal coefficient is 1.2 in summer and 0.8 in winter.
Daily power generation in summer (kWh) = 25kW × 800W/m² × 15% × 8h × 1.2 = 23.04kWh
Daily power generation in winter (kWh) = 25kW × 800W/m² × 15% × 8h × 0.8 = 15.36kWh
It can be seen that seasonal factors also have a greater impact on the power generation.
4. The impact of shadow occlusion on power generation
If the photovoltaic power plant is blocked by shadows, its power generation will decrease accordingly. Shading will affect the power generation efficiency of some solar cells, thereby affecting the overall power generation.
Daily power generation (kWh) = 25kW x light intensity (W/m²) x power generation efficiency x running time (hours) x shading factor
Assume that the shading coefficient of the solar system is 0.9, the light intensity is 1000W/m², the running time is 8 hours, and the power generation efficiency is 15%.
It can be seen that even if only a part of the photovoltaic cell is shaded, its power generation will be affected.
According to the above, the standard daily power generation of a 25KW solar power system can reach 30-35kWh under ideal conditions. However, the actual situation is affected by many factors, so the power generation may be reduced. For example, if it is cloudy or the temperature is too high, the power generation may be reduced accordingly. Therefore, in order to improve the power generation efficiency of solar power system, it is necessary to avoid shading as much as possible, and to plan well in terms of site selection and components.
Select your solar power system from here: https://www.higonsolar.com/solar-solution
The average solar buyer probably is not paying attention to whether solar panels are made with p-type or n-type solar cells. But since you know there has N-type and N-type solar panel, you may start wondering what exactly difference between them and how they may affect solar panel buying in the future. A conventional crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell is a silicon wafer doped with various chemicals to encourage power production. The main difference between p-type and n-type solar cells is the number of electrons. A p-type cell usually dopes its silicon wafer with boron, which has one less electron than silicon (making the cell positively charged). An n-type cell is doped with phosphorus, which has one more electron than silicon (making the cell negatively charged).
Compared with P-type polycrystalline silicon wafers, the technical performance advantages of N-type monocrystalline silicon wafers are very firm：
N-type cells/modules unaffected by boron-oxygen-related photodegradation；
N-type substrates are more tolerant of common metallic impurities such as iron；
N-type silicon wafer-based cells allow for bifacial cell designs that can absorb backside illumination to produce higher power；
It is also worth noting that N-type monocrystalline silicon wafers provide the substrate for a truly high-efficiency cell structure.
What is the future of N-type and P-type?
Looking ahead, it is more difficult to improve the efficiency of PERC cells,and the N-type technology with higher efficiency, lower attenuation rate and better low-light performance is recognized as the next generation photovoltaic cell technology. As far as the specific technical route is concerned, the three cell technologies of TOPCon (tunneling oxide passivation contact), HJT (intrinsic thin film heterojunction) and IBC (interdigital back contact) are widely sought after. Among them, TOPCon and HJT technology are the focus of industrial investment and market attention.
Considering the cost, TOPCon is one step ahead. It is reported that the theoretical maximum efficiency of TOPCon can reach 27.1% (single-sided) / 28.7% (double-sided). The advantage of TOPCon is that the production line is compatible with the existing PERC production line, which has also become the preferred iteration technology for large PERC capacity producers. With mass production, TOPCon companies claim that the cost of battery modules is expected to be equal to that of PERC within a year, and the cost of BOS will be significantly reduced.
According to the forecast of CPIA, in 2030, the market share of N-type batteries may reach about 56%, and the prospects are very broad.
Five fast facts to bring you across all things N-type.
FACT #1: N-type solar cells were developed before P-type
The first solar cell was developed in 1954 – and it was in fact an N-type cell. So why did P-types become so popular?
When solar PV technology was starting out, most of it was being used by space agencies. In space, P-type cells proved to be more resistant to radiation damage than N-types. Hence, more focus and resources were put on P-type cell development, leading to their dominance in today's market.
FACT #2: N-type cells are more efficient than P-type
One of the main differences in the engineering of N-type panels vs P-type panels is their 'doping’. Doping refers to the addition of chemicals to the crystalline silicon to promote power production.
An N-type solar cell is doped with phosphorus, which has one more electron than silicon, making the cell negatively charged (hence the 'N' in N-type).
A P-type cell is doped with boron, which has one less electron than silicon, making the cell positively charged (the 'P' in P-type).
When boron is exposed to light and oxygen, it causes Light Induced Degradation (LID). This happens as soon as solar panels are installed and decreases anywhere between 1% and 3% depending on the brand of the panel.
N-type panels don't use boron and therefore aren't affected by LID. It means better efficiency and improves the useful life of the panel.
FACT #3: N-type cells are more expensive than P-type – however this is expected to change
The downside to N-type panels in today's market is cost. They are more expensive to make and therefore more expensive to buy. With more focus and resources on P-type development, they quickly became more cost effective to produce for manufacturers and cheaper to purchase for end users. Investment into N-types was left behind.
FACT #4: N-type are projected to take over P-type in market share by 2024/25
Industry estimates suggest that N-type panels will be the solar industry's dominant technology by 2024/25 as engineering and manufacturing processes evolve and costs come down.
For a simple explanation of the manufacturing differences between the N-type and the P-type, check out our infographic:
Solar panels are widely used to generate electricity, but their performance can be affected by contamination such as dirt, bird droppings, and pollen.
Here are 3 tips to clean solar panels:
1. Prioritize safety by shutting down the system before cleaning and using safety ropes for roof-mounted panels.
2. Use gentle cleaning methods to avoid scratching the surface. Clean water, detergent, and a soft brush are ideal tools for the job.
3. Opt for early morning or evening cleaning when the panels are cooler. Cleaning while the sun is shining can lead to quick water evaporation and residue buildup.
#HigonSolar, we are committed to providing customers with reliable and durable products. Regular solar panel cleaning can ensure long-term benefits for your solar system's performance
